A criterion-by-criterion comparison: encryption model, search, previews, sharing, recovery and what each approach can and cannot do.
Three private surfaces. Same zero-knowledge architecture.
| Criterion | Google Drive | Zero-knowledge storage |
|---|---|---|
| Where files are encrypted | On the provider's servers | On your device, before upload |
| Who holds the key | The provider | You |
| Provider can read files | Technically yes | No |
| Full-text search | Server-side, excellent | Blind indexes computed on device |
| Previews and thumbnails | Server-generated, universal | Rendered client-side |
| Real-time co-editing | Mature | Limited by design |
| Sharing links | Provider-managed, long-lived by default | Key in URL fragment, passphrase, enforced expiry |
| Password reset restores data | Yes | No — recovery kit required |
| Breach of provider exposes | Readable content | Ciphertext |
| Legal request to provider yields | Content | Metadata |
Three private surfaces. Same zero-knowledge architecture.